It should be pointed out, that ALL mothers, in america at least, are mothers by choice. Women are permitted, after conception, to take a 'plan b' or another emergency contraceptive. they are permitted to abort. They are permitted to give up for adoption. They are permitted to abandon their kids to the state at any hospital, police station, fire station etc. So then it follows, that all single mothers are mothers by choice. And save for widowers, who's kids often don't see a lot of the negative effects of single motherhood, I believe that all single mothers are essentially single by choice as well. Either they choose a man they didn't know well enough, in which case they are partially responsible. Or they choose a man they knew would not be willing or able to be a competent father, in which case they are responsible.