Your query reminds me of the debate of whether light is a particle or a wave. Definitions are essential. Freud was a neurologist by profession and his ideas are legion, but rarely understood. I want to address a few points individually if I may. I will define 3 terms that I plan to use.
In Freud's model, the mind is made up of three components, the ego, superego and the id. The ego is you, the real you. It is what directs the body, interacts directly with the world, it may be strong or weak and may have different aspects, kinda like multiple personalities. As you grow, you choose the real you and strengthen that one, integrating all others and absorbing their experiences and memories. This is the normal state of development People with abusive or neglected childhoods may never grow and have a stunted ego or multiple ones (without being DID) The superego is a combination of your parents expectations and societal pressures. It tries to force the ego to behave in certain ways based upon expectations. These influences can be very strong and can cause extreme stress. The id can be viewed as your inner child. It wants, fears, needs but can't act. I usually explain that my id may want to bathe in the blue raspberry jello filled reflecting pool at the Taj Mahal; the super ego pipes up and says DON'T waste your money and WHAT will the neighbors think? With both of them screaming in the background, the ego must try to mediate the demands of both, apply the reality principle and make a choice that quiets all of them.
Consciousness: There are different states that a person can achieve that posses their own set of memories. We use this facility when someone does an all night study session on red bull and then drinks it again during the test. Drunks that experience blackouts are not unconscious, just in a different state of awareness and those memories will likely be accessible when he again blacks out. The way the mind stores experiences, especially traumatic ones, can render them inaccessible to the parts of the ego at different states of consciousness.
The mind may force us to act irrationally, but it always is logical. By examining why you act, especially in times of stress, you can discover what forces are pushing you to behave in certain ways. This examination leads to a greater awareness of self and allows you a greater ability to understand what moves you.
I did not address the main issue of unconscious vs subconscious since I am unsure what the OP means by those terms. Perhaps he would be kind enough to supply his definition.